The receptor for Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) is expressed in radial glia during development of the nervous system

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Granulocyte colony-stimulating (G-CSF) factor is a well-known hematopoietic growth factor stimulating the proliferation and differentiation of myeloid progenitors. Recently, we uncovered that G-CSF acts also as a neuronal growth factor in the brain, which promotes adult neural precursor differentiation and enhances regeneration of the brain after insults. In adults, the receptor for G-CSF is predominantly expressed in neurons in many brain areas. We also described expression in neurogenic regions of the adult brain, such as the subventricular zone and the subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus. In addition, we found close co-localization of the G-CSF receptor and its ligand G-CSF. Here we have conducted a systematic expression analysis of G-CSF receptor and its ligand in the developing embryo.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Outside the central nervous system (CNS) we found G-CSF receptor expression in blood vessels, muscles and their respective precursors and neurons. The expression of the G-CSF receptor in the developing CNS was most prominent in radial glia cells.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data imply that in addition to the function of G-CSF and its receptor in adult neurogenesis, this system also has a role in embryonic neurogenesis and nervous system development.</p

Review of Valeria Tettamanti, Il viaggio di Gulliver: Verso una (im)possibile cultura europea (1961–1963) (2021)

Review of Valeria Tettamanti, Il viaggio di Gulliver: Verso una (im)possibile cultura europea (1961–1963) (2021

Impressive thrombocytosis evolving in a patient with a BCR-ABL positive CML in major molecular response during dasatinib treatment unmasks an additional JAK2V617F.

We present a case of a 42-year old female with the rare diagnosis of a myeloproliferative syndrome harboring both a BCR-ABL transclocation and a JAK2V617F mutation.Initially diagnosed with a CML, the patient underwent treatment with imatinib followed by dasatinib. Despite a major molecular response, the patient developed a thrombocytosis. Molecular analyses revealed a heterozygous JAK2V617F mutation, which was detected retrospectively in the bone marrow at the time of CML diagnosis.This case underlines the complexity of MPS pathogenesis. For the clinician, a JAK2 mutational screening should be performed in CML patients without hematological response in the absence of BCR-ABL

Impressive thrombocytosis evolving in a patient with a BCR-ABL positive CML in major molecular response during dasatinib treatment unmasks an additional JAK2V617F.

We present a case of a 42-year old female with the rare diagnosis of a myeloproliferative syndrome harboring both a BCR-ABL transclocation and a JAK2V617F mutation.Initially diagnosed with a CML, the patient underwent treatment with imatinib followed by dasatinib. Despite a major molecular response, the patient developed a thrombocytosis. Molecular analyses revealed a heterozygous JAK2V617F mutation, which was detected retrospectively in the bone marrow at the time of CML diagnosis.This case underlines the complexity of MPS pathogenesis. For the clinician, a JAK2 mutational screening should be performed in CML patients without hematological response in the absence of BCR-ABL

It's TEEtime: A New Architecture Bringing Sovereignty to Smartphones

Modern smartphones are complex systems in which control over phone resources is exercised by phone manufacturers, OS vendors, and users. These stakeholders have diverse and often competing interests. Barring some exceptions, users entrust their security and privacy to OS vendors (Android and iOS) and need to accept their constraints. Manufacturers protect their firmware and peripherals from the OS by executing in the highest privilege and leveraging dedicated CPUs and TEEs. OS vendors need to trust the highest privileged code deployed by manufacturers. This division of control over the phone is not ideal for OS vendors and is even more disadvantageous for the users. Users are generally limited in what applications they can install on their devices, in the privacy model and trust assumptions of the existing applications, and in the functionalities that applications can have. We propose TEEtime, a new smartphone architecture based on trusted execution allowing to balance the control different stakeholders exert over phones. More leveled control over the phone means that no stakeholder is more privileged than the others. In particular, TEEtime makes users sovereign over their phones: It enables them to install sensitive applications in isolated domains with protected access to selected peripherals alongside an OS. TEEtime achieves this while maintaining compatibility with the existing smartphone ecosystem and without relying on virtualization; it only assumes trust in a phone's firmware. TEEtime is the first TEE architecture that allows isolated execution domains to gain protected and direct access to peripherals. TEEtime is based on Armv8-A and achieves peripheral isolation using a novel mechanism based on memory and interrupt controller protection. We demonstrate the feasibility of our design by implementing a prototype of TEEtime, and by running exemplary sensitive applications

Calix[4]pyrrolato Aluminate Catalyzes the Dehydrocoupling of Phenylphosphine Borane to High Molar Weight Polymers

High molar weight polyphosphinoboranes represent materials with auspicious properties, but their preparation requires transition metal-based catalysts. Here, calix[4]pyrrolato aluminate is shown to induce the dehydropolymerization of phosphine boranes to high molar mass polyphosphinoboranes (up to Mn=43 000 Da). Combined GPC and 31P DOSY NMR spectroscopic analyses, quantum chemical computations, and stoichiometric reactions disclose a P−H bond activation by the cooperative action of the square-planar aluminate and the electron-rich ligand framework. This first transition metal-free catalyst for P−B dehydrocoupling overcomes the problem of residual d-block metal impurities in the resulting polymers that might interfere with the reproducibility of the properties for this emerging class of inorganic materials

Endobronchial Lipomatous Hamartoma: An Incidental Finding in a Patient with Atrial Fibrillation—A Case Report

Introduction. Lung hamartomas are the most common benign tumors of the lung. Typically, they are located in the peripheral lung, while an endobronchial localisation is rare. Case Presentation. We present a case with the rare diagnosis of an endobronchial hamartoma as incidental finding in a 69-year-old male, caucasian patient with atrial fibrillation. At first admission, the patient's exertional dyspnea was caused by atrial fibrillation. Relapse of exertional dyspnea in the absence of arrhythmia was due to postobstructive pneumonia caused by an endobronchial hamartoma. Conclusion. Endobronchial tumors such as endobronchial lipoma or hamartoma should be considered as potential causes of exertional dyspnea and thus as differential diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Although endobronchial hamartomas are benign, resection is recommended to prevent postobstructive lung damage

Novel Antimicrobial Cellulose Fleece Inhibits Growth of Human-Derived Biofilm-Forming Staphylococci During the SIRIUS19 Simulated Space Mission

Two novel antimicrobial surface coatings were assessed for their lasting antibacterial effect under simulated space conditions during the SIRIUS-19 study. Because long-term space travel can affect the human immune system, astronauts are particularly susceptible to infectious disease. Moreover, the space flight environment can alter the composition of microbial communities within the spacecraft and increase bacterial virulence and resistance to antibiotics. In addition to protecting the crew from infection by human pathogens, prevention and elimination of bacterial contamination is important to avoid corrosion and damage of the technical equipment. The antimicrobial coating AGXX(R)consists of micro-galvanic cells composed of silver and ruthenium which damage bacterial cells through the release of reactive oxygen species. Over the last years, several studies on the antimicrobial effect of AGXX(R)have demonstrated an effective inhibition of growth and even complete elimination of many pathogenic bacteria - including multiresistant microorganisms - as well as their biofilms. The second antimicrobial coating, GOX, consists of chemically modified graphene oxide. Through a positive surface charge and its flexible scaffold, GOX can multivalently bind and immobilize bacteria via electrostatic attraction. Here, AGXX(R)and GOX were applied to non-metallic carriers not previously tested. The antimicrobial coated materials, as well as uncoated control samples, were exposed in the SIRIUS artificial space module and analyzed at different time points during the 4-months isolation study. Survival and growth of airborne heterotrophic, aerobic bacteria on the surfaces were assessed by cultivation-based methods, employing growth conditions suitable for potential human pathogens. Human-associated, biofilm-forming Staphylococcus spp. (S. hominis, S. haemolyticus, and S. epidermidis) strongly dominated at all time points, most were resistant against erythromycin, kanamycin, and ampicillin. AGXX(R)coatings completely inhibited growth of these opportunistic pathogens on all tested surface materials. Particularly, AGXX(R)-cellulose fleece achieved a clear reduction in bacterial load able to recover post contact. GOX-cellulose fleece effectively immobilized bacteria. Sequence analysis of 16S rRNA gene amplicons revealed that the isolated Staphylococcus spp. did not dominate the overall bacterial community, accounting for only 0.1-0.4% of all sequences. Instead, molecular data revealed Lactobacillus, Comamonas, Pseudomonas, Sporosarcina, and Bacillusas the dominant genera across all samples and time points

Does Maternal Underweight Prior to Conception Influence Pregnancy Risks and Outcome?

While obesity in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome in obese women are subjects of diverse research in recent publications, it is remarkable that the data for pregnancy outcome in pre-conceptional underweight mothers is extremely limited. Apart from an increasing prevalence of obesity, however, the prevalence for underweight in distinct sub-groups of mothers is also increasing. In contrary to obesity, less people are affected by underweight in Europe. The World Health Organization (WHO) classifies human weight into different categories (1). A body mass index (BMI) less than 18.5 kg/m 2 is defined as underweight. In Germany, the incidence of underweight in women is low with a nationwide prevalence of 3% (2). Especially in young women in certain social groups, an anorectic model-like weight is the ideal of beauty and a lot of cases of underweight in women of childbearing age are due to eating disorders (3). The lifetime incidence of eating disorders in young women of childbearing age is 5.2-6.5 % (4). While obesity is a frequently encountered problem in pregnant women with multiple complications during pregnancy and delivery (5-16), data on pregnant women with underweight or anorexia are scarce Because of hormonal disorders due to anorexia, underweight women often have menstrual irregularities leading to amenorrhea and infertility. Disorders in hypothalamic-hypophysis functions result in hypogonadotrope anovulatory cycle